Table of contentsThe Quadrupole Cusp: A Universal Accelerator, or From Radiation Belts to Cosmic Rays
Outline
Introduction
Two “unsolved” physics problems
McIlwain, 1966
Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum
Plasma Thermodynamics
What is Acceleration?
Efficiency of Acceleration
Why does a Trap help?
The Fermi-Trap Accelerator
The Dipole Trap
The Quadrupole Trap
PowerPoint Presentation
Tsyganenko Cusps
Why is the Dipole a better trap than Accelerator?
Kolmogorov, Arnol’d, Moser Theorem
Comparison of Dipole & Quadrupole
Quadrupole Trap in the Laboratory (Two 1-T magnets, -400V, 50mTorr)
Particle Tracing in T96 cusp, untrapped
Periodic, well trapped
Chaotic, barely trapped
Chaotic, nearly trapped
e- Trapping Regions of T96 Cusp
H+ Trapping in T96 Cusp
Poincaré Plots?
How does the Quadrupole Accelerate?
Acceleration via Random Impulses
Cusp Orientation When the cusp points toward the sun, it “opens”, when it points away, it “closes”. Likewise, SW pressure pulses will shrink the cusp as a whole, e.g. radially compressing it.
Fermi I,II vs Alfven I,II
Signatures of Cusp Acceleration
Problem #1: Source of ORBE
Prediction Problems
ORBE (McIlwain 1966)
McIlwain 1966
Details of Injection (#1&5)
Koons & Gorney Prediction Filter
The Prediction Paradox
The Argument
Slide 40
Slide 41
Problems with Cusp Acceleration
Diamagnetic Effect of Cold Plasma
Cusp Diamagnetic Cavities
Energetic Energy Dispersed Events
Model Predictions
Scaling Laws
Slide 48
More Predictions
Problem #2: Source of GCR
GCR Spectra
Properties of GCR
Are GCR from Supernovae?
Low energy nuclei composition
Some more peculiar coincidences
Quadrupole Cusps Pressure Balance
Energy Sources for GCR
Future Work
Conclusion
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Author: Robert Sheldon
E-mail: r*bs@rbsp.info
(due to spammers, delete asterisk)
Homepage: RbS
Further information:
NSSTC Colloquium 3/19/2004
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