M/dM Timeline of Space MS

• 1961 : ~2 (separation of H & He)

  • pressure, velocity, density

• 1970 : ~10 (electrostatic: H,He,C,O,Fe)

  • temperature, composition

• 1984 : ~15 (LTOF: C/N/O, Si/S/Mg)

  • fast/slow solar wind, acceleration mechanisms

• 1994 : ~100 (ITOF: Ne,Mg,Fe isotopes)

• 2004?: ~3000 (HELIX: CO/N2 molecules, . 16O/17O/18O ratios)