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The Solar Coronal Issue
(I apologize for repeating the obvious, please bear with me)
Q: Corona is 2MK, photosphere only 5.6kK, so how does heat flow against the gradient?
A: Non-equilibrium heat transport
- a) coherence (waves)
- b) topology (reconnection)
- c) velocity filtration + non-Maxwellians
Each solution has its pros/cons, I want to present some mathematical results that may support (c)