Problems, Opportunities

• 1) Coherent phenomena (waves), need to randomize to heat. Dissipation at 1-2 Rs turns out to be a problem. [Parker 92]

• 2) Topology tangles, like a comb through long hair, collect in clumps or boundaries where they would heat unevenly. In contrast, all observational evidence shows even heating. Nor is there direct observation of nanoflares [Zirker+Cleveland 92].

• 3) Velocity filtration is not itself a heating mechanism, it requires a non-Maxwellian distribution as well. Thus it postpones the problem to one of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in the highly collisional photosphere. [Scudder 92]

• 4) Heat conduction too low to smooth out hot spots [Marsden 96]

• 5) Non-Kolmogorov spectrum, non-turbulent heating.[Gomez93]